‘How Can I Help My Autistic Child Build Confidence?’

BCBA Shares Tips to Boost Self-Esteem in Kids with Autism

“Confidence is key.” We tell ourselves this as adults in our jobs (including the most important job of all—parenting) and to teens taking on a new activity or school project. What about young children? How can we instill confidence at an early age … especially for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

As autism parents may already know, helping kids on the spectrum to build a positive self-identity may take a little extra time nurturing their gifts while teaching them new skills. We connected with our team of Hopebridge Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA) to provide effective ways for families to raise confident children through strategies we use in applied behavior analysis (ABA therapy).

Building Confidence in Children with Autism: Tips from a Hopebridge BCBA

Helping children gain confidence to access their world is ABA in a nutshell. Behavior analysts assist children in finding their voices – which does not always mean verbally – and independence through therapy. The evidence-based, outcome-focused approach inherently leads to boosting self-esteem along the way.

When we speak of confidence in ABA terms, we are referring to fluency in accessing reinforcement of all types. 

Methods for Building Self-Esteem and Success Through ABA Therapy

There are a number of ABA methods Hopebridge uses to teach children with autism they can experience success. In young children, ABA primarily approaches this through:

• Errorless learning
  Through this methodology, we prompt children until they are able to correctly respond on their own.
  
• Differential reinforcement
  This strategy focuses on reinforcing correct responses to encourage them more often.
  
• Non-contingent reinforcement
  This is all about making sure children have access to everything they need, such as security, food and a place to live.
  
• Tolerance programs
  Building tolerance builds confidence. Through these programs, we give children the opportunity to gradually work on new skills and behaviors until they understand they can experience success.
  
• Repetition
  Especially with younger children, we incorporate a lot of practice in order to gain fluency in their responses.

As children get older, we continue to strengthen confidence through more advanced life skills and social skills. At this point, we can get into specific techniques, which can be as seemingly small as how to make a pop-up toy pop, to more elaborate tasks like preparing a meal for oneself. Some of the areas we work on include:

• Emotional self-control
  We begin concentrating on emotional self-control at an early age, then advance it as children grow older. For young kids, it can be simple tactics like learning to take deep breaths. Then we get into patience, as many children with autism need assistance learning to wait for their wants and needs. For older children, we may touch on areas like zones of regulation, organizational skills and appropriate timing for responsibilities like homework.
  
• Adaptive living skills
  These are the skills individuals need to learn to lead more independent lives, such as personal grooming, accurately getting dressed or riding a bus.
  
• Interpersonal skills
  This can range from teaching an individual how and when to be assertive (in a polite manner), to how to identify and build onto their own strengths and weaknesses. Children with autism can also be black-and-white thinkers. Once they learn the rules, they often think that is the only way. In these cases, we teach them social and non-social flexibility. This way, if something doesn’t go the way they expect it – for example, a friend doesn’t want to do what they want to do – they know they have the skills to fall back on to be able to adapt. A benefit of center-based therapy at Hopebridge is that we can help kids work on these social skills with peers in a more controlled environment. We are able to teach them the responses, then gradually expand their repertoire.
  
• Basic problem-solving skills
  Think of this as strategies like conflict resolution and weighing pros and cons. These are a bit more advanced than the others.

It is important to note that building confidence is not solely about developing new skills, but also enabling and encouraging strengths. In the behavioral health world, focusing on splinter skills (think of music prodigies or little math geniuses) rather than where they need help can be controversial. Rather than disregard splinter skills all together, we often choose to use them as reinforcement to build compliance and social responses. These splinter skills also serve as an advantage that can help individuals define themselves. Many clinicians believe these skills should be celebrated, all while supporting them with the basics.

How ABA Therapy Impacts Confidence

One key confidence-builder for young children is toileting. Over the years, our BCBAs have worked with many families who unsuccessfully attempted the “potty party,” which usually means a long weekend of constant toilet training and subsequent celebrations. If this strategy doesn’t work the first time, children are known to raise resistance to it and enforce refusal at a high rate. In these cases, we want to make sure it sticks the next time around, so we instead try other methods that may be a better fit. We often need to work into it more gradually through a tolerance program.

Interestingly, once children are successful with toileting, they often have more confidence and success in other areas as well. Many feel more “grown up” and can often take on more in life. We see a lot of pivotal responses and other skills arise from this one milestone.

Want to know what other tolerance programs and positive reinforcement look like in action? One BCBA remembers that one of her first clients was who many would call a “wild child.” She was impulsive and without fear. Until, living in Northern Idaho at 3 years old, she went outside one day and fell pretty hard on the ice. After that, she decided she was not going to go back outside until springtime. 

To help her overcome this and reconstruct her courage to venture out again, this BCBA would take her outside for brief periods, all while holding her hand. To make it fun, she showed her how she could slide across the ice. We played games and entertained ourselves by pulling leaves from the ice. Fast-forward to the young woman she is today—now she’s a cross-country skier with the Special Olympics! This BCBA helped her gain confidence on a slippery surface, which is a great metaphor for tolerance-building.

It is essential to have a variety of reinforcement, as we do not want it to be dependent on only one type. As part of this process, we work to incorporate a lot of variation in play, so kids can access many different ways to have fun!

We especially do not want the idea of self-worth to be reliant on social reinforcement. If someone is overdependent on social reinforcement for confidence, which is an inner quality, what happens when it’s not there? This happens to everyone at some point in life, but it is important for individuals to have things they can enjoy for their own selves. As part of ABA, our clinicians aim to help children discover things they find intrinsically reinforcing, whether they are sensory-related, tangible or a way to escape demands.

What Caregivers Can Do to Help their Child Become More Confident

It is natural for parents to want their children to feel important and loved. Most importantly, caregivers want their kids to love themselves.

As therapists, we can provide children with many of the tools they need to build confidence, but the practice needs to extend outside the center and into the home. Here are some tips for families who want to raise confident children:

• Look to your own behavior as a model for children.
  This includes starting the day with a good morning routine that gets them through their day, as well as implementing an evening routine so you both get enough sleep. 
  
• Make sure kids have the basics.
  A huge part of confidence is making sure physical and medical needs are met. Your kids will not feel great about themselves if they have a tummy ache or their prescribed medication is off. Health and safety greatly impacts self-assurance.
  
• Collaborate with your child’s therapy team.
  At Hopebridge, we are here for your child, but we’re also here for you. Through goal-setting and family guidance opportunities, we want to work together to help your child access reinforcement. As a caregiver, the more you learn about ABA, the more involved you can be in sessions, and the more you will be able to understand and implement on your own.
  
• Spark curiosity.
  Curiosity is an important component of confidence. When self-confidence becomes too rigid, knowledge becomes limited without realizing it. For instance, you may have noticed this in a kid who acts like he knows all the rules and polices other peers or adults. It is important to bring out curiosity alongside confidence to increase willingness to learn from new experiences and people. Teach your kids that others have something to tell them and that they can ask for help.

An added bonus of working on confidence in children is that you can apply the strategies within your own life, too. For instance, if someone misbehaves toward you in traffic, you may now choose to use the moment to make a paradigm shift and understand that the action had nothing to do with you. Interpreting these social interactions can give you the personal confidence to walk (and drive) away.

Learn More About How Hopebridge Can Help

Give your child the assurance and ability to reach his or her full potential. For children who have developmental delays or other signs of autism, it can be beneficial to start with diagnostic testing for autism, followed by ABA therapy. Through ABA and other complementary therapies, we can help your child access skills to lead a more fulfilling life.

To learn more about Hopebridge’s therapy services, please fill out our easy online form to schedule a autism testing, ABA evaluation, speech therapy evaluation or occupational therapy evaluation with one of our locations across the country.

*Informed consent was obtained from the participants in this article. This information should not be captured and reused without express permission from Hopebridge, LLC. Testimonials are solicited as part of an open casting call process for testimonials from former client caregivers. Hopebridge does not permit clinical employees to solicit or use testimonials about therapeutic services received from current clients (Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts 5.07-5.08; BACB, 2020). Hopebridge does not provide any incentives, compensation, or renumeration for testimonials provided by a former client or client caregiver.